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Odorless composting of the organic waste which served as disposal of waste edible fat and oil

有机废弃物无味堆肥，作为废弃食用油脂的处理

基本信息

批准号：
18360435
负责人：
NAKASAKI Kiyohiko
金额：
$ 9.4万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2006 至 2007
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

During the high-rate composting of organic materials containing waste edible fat and oil, the emission of ammonia gas was drastically reduced when they were degraded vigorously. The material balance of nitrogen was examined in the composting in detail, and it was found out that the reduction of the ammonia gas emission was not due to the neutralization of ammonia gas by the degradation intermediates of fat and oil, i.e. fatty acid, and owed to the uptake of nitrogen by microorganisms for enumeration of their microbial cells. Moreover, the cell density of fat and oil degrading microorganisms were counted on the LBTR agar medium containing tributyrin, and these microorganisms increased after the middle stages of composting, that corresponded well to the composting time when ammonia gas emission began to be reduced clearly. Two thermophilic bacteria, strains LT1 and LT4, with high degradation activity of tributyrin were isolated on the LBTR agar plate and then identified. In addition, the bacterium DOM-1 which itself does not have the ability to degrade fat and oil, but contributed to the degradation of them by cooperating with the bacterial strains LT1 and LT4 was determined by the microbial community analysis with the PCR-DGGE method. The DOM-1 was identified from DNA sequence of the band excreted from the gel.The compost product which contains high cell density of fat and oil degrading microorganisms were used as a seeding material for the next composting by mixing it to the composting raw material, it was confirmed that the seeding was effective for reduction of ammonia gas emission and the acceleration of fat degradation, moreover these effect appeared immediately after the start of composting. In addition, it was ascertained that the effect of the ammonia gas reduction was not limited to the case using edible fat and oil, but, hexadecane, one representative of mineral oils also was effective.

在含废弃食用油脂的有机物料的高速堆肥过程中，当它们剧烈降解时，氨气的排放量大大减少。详细分析了堆肥过程中氮素的物质平衡，发现氨气排放量的减少不是由于油脂降解中间产物脂肪酸对氨气的中和作用，而是由于微生物对氮素的吸收，并对其微生物细胞进行了计数。在添加三丁酸甘油酯的LBTR琼脂培养基上对油脂降解微生物的细胞密度进行了计数，结果表明，在堆肥的中期，油脂降解微生物的数量开始增加，这与堆肥过程中氨气排放量开始明显减少的时间相对应。在LBTR琼脂平板上分离到两株对三丁酸甘油酯具有较高降解活性的嗜热菌，并对其进行了鉴定。此外，通过使用PCR-DGGE方法的微生物群落分析确定了细菌DOM-1，其本身不具有降解脂肪和油的能力，但是通过与细菌菌株LT 1和LT 4协同作用而有助于它们的降解。从凝胶中分泌的条带的DNA序列中鉴定出DOM-1。通过将含有高细胞密度的脂肪和油降解微生物的堆肥产物混合到堆肥原料中作为下一次堆肥的接种材料，证实了接种对于减少氨气排放和加速脂肪降解是有效的，而且这些效果在堆肥开始后立即出现。此外，可以确定，氨气减少的效果不限于使用食用油脂的情况，矿物油的代表之一十六烷也有效。