Odorless composting of the organic waste which served as disposal of waste edible fat and oil

含废弃食用油脂的有机材料在高速堆肥过程中，随着降解力度的加大，氨气的排放量大幅减少。在堆肥过程中对氮的物质平衡进行了详细的考察，发现氨气排放的减少不是由于油脂的降解中间体脂肪酸对氨气的中和作用，而是由于微生物对氮的吸收，使其微生物细胞计数。此外，在含有三丁酸甘油酯的LBTR琼脂培养基上对油脂降解微生物的细胞密度进行了计数，发现堆肥中期后这些微生物数量有所增加，这与堆肥时氨气排放量开始明显减少的情况相吻合。在LBTR琼脂平板上分离出对三丁酸甘油酯具有高降解活性的两株嗜热细菌LT1和LT4，并对其进行鉴定。此外，通过PCR-DGGE方法对微生物群落进行分析，确定了DOM-1细菌本身不具有降解脂肪和油脂的能力，但通过与菌株LT1和LT4的合作对脂肪和油脂的降解做出了贡献。从凝胶分泌的条带DNA序列中鉴定出DOM-1。将含有高细胞密度脂肪和油脂降解微生物的堆肥产品与堆肥原料混合，作为下一次堆肥的种子材料，证实了种子对减少氨气排放和加速脂肪降解的效果，并且这些效果在堆肥开始后立即出现。此外，还确定了氨气还原的效果不仅限于使用食用油脂的情况下，十六烷作为矿物油的一种代表也是有效的。

During the high-rate composting of organic materials containing waste edible fat and oil, the emission of ammonia gas was drastically reduced when they were degraded vigorously. The material balance of nitrogen was examined in the composting in detail, and it was found out that the reduction of the ammonia gas emission was not due to the neutralization of ammonia gas by the degradation intermediates of fat and oil, i.e. fatty acid, and owed to the uptake of nitrogen by microorganisms for enumeration of their microbial cells. Moreover, the cell density of fat and oil degrading microorganisms were counted on the LBTR agar medium containing tributyrin, and these microorganisms increased after the middle stages of composting, that corresponded well to the composting time when ammonia gas emission began to be reduced clearly. Two thermophilic bacteria, strains LT1 and LT4, with high degradation activity of tributyrin were isolated on the LBTR agar plate and then identified. In addition, the bacterium DOM-1 which itself does not have the ability to degrade fat and oil, but contributed to the degradation of them by cooperating with the bacterial strains LT1 and LT4 was determined by the microbial community analysis with the PCR-DGGE method. The DOM-1 was identified from DNA sequence of the band excreted from the gel.The compost product which contains high cell density of fat and oil degrading microorganisms were used as a seeding material for the next composting by mixing it to the composting raw material, it was confirmed that the seeding was effective for reduction of ammonia gas emission and the acceleration of fat degradation, moreover these effect appeared immediately after the start of composting. In addition, it was ascertained that the effect of the ammonia gas reduction was not limited to the case using edible fat and oil, but, hexadecane, one representative of mineral oils also was effective.