Integrative Study for the Impacts of Periodontal Disease on Metabolic Syndrome

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Periodontal disease is considered as one of the life style diseases. Recent studies have suggested that several systemic conditions, including diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidemia, are related to periodontitis. Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of multiple risk factors, such as atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated plasma glucose and elevated blood pressure, in addition to visceral obesity. Many investigators consider this syndrome to be a multidimensional risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Both metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease are involved in activation of innate immunity and inflammation, but there is little information available concerning the direct association between metabolic syndrome and periodontal disease.The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationships between periodontal disease and metabolic syndrome. We have screened patients attending Aichi Gakuin University Dental Hospital. We have measured criteria of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, fasting plasma glucose level) as well as findings of oral cavity and assessments of periodontitis. For the evaluation of atherosclerosis, we have measured pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index and toe-brachial index. The group who have metabolic syndrome significantly decreased number of residual teeth and increased number of bleeding on probing teeth. Periodontitis who have above 4mm periodontal pocket or attachment loss were significantly increased in the metabolic syndrome group. Furthermore, the severity of periodontitis was associated the number of holding metabolic syndrome factors. These results suggest the bidirectional relationship between metabolic syndrome and periodontitis. Prospective study is now under investigation in our hospital.