Prenatal ontogeny of skeletal structures in the Japanese macaque

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This study aimed to clarify three-dimensional ontogenetic patterns of skeletal structures in the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) during prenatal period based on computed tomography. Specifically, we quantitatively investigated ontogeny of craniofacial shape, limb proportion, and calcaneal trabecular structure to explore the process and mechanisms of morphogenesis in the Japanese macaque. Such quantitative descriptions of prenatal growth patterns provide firm basis for understanding mechanisms of morphogenetic divergence among primates.