A cross-nations' comparison of chronic disease management performed in the society with declining birthrate and aging.

提高自我管理技能的策略包括高度重视个人护理，电话护士咨询系统，并在北美早期应对恶化;在澳大利亚，扩大知识和促进社区或家庭为基础的患者教育;在亚洲，出院计划和技术培训，如自我注射。

Strategies for improving self-management skills included highly valuing individual care, telephone-nurse consulting system, and early coping to exacerbation in North America ; expanding knowledge and promoting community-based or home-based patient education in Australia ; and discharge-plan and technical training for such as self-injection in Asia.