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Geographical Research on Evolution Mechanism of Agricultural Space : Case Study of the Diffusion of Alternative Food Production System

农业空间演化机制的地理学研究——替代性食品生产体系扩散案例研究

基本信息

批准号：
19520672
负责人：
ITO Takahiro
金额：
$ 2.83万
依托单位：
Aichi University of Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2007 至 2009
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to elucidate how local actors have managed to sustain agricultural production and to revitalize rural community in the face of internal and external perturbations. The agriculture of Japan consists of the industrial/productivism model and post-industrial/post-productivism model. Both industrial and post-industrial model are characterised with a knowledge based economic activity. Farmers are necessary to innovate their skill and farm management continuously to cope with international and inter-regional competition. It is not clear how farmers can create knowledge to gain competitive advantage and how knowledge diffuses into other farmers within an area. Why have some areas sustained their production in the face of internal stress and external disturbance? How do these areas bring about continuous innovation? We would like to explore answers to these questions through a case study of diffusion of the alternative production system into vegetable under greenhou … More se growing area from the standpoint of knowledge creation and learning environment. The findings are as follows:1. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been diffused into the traditional vegetable under greenhouse producing areas (Kochi, Fukuoka, Aichi, Ibaraki and Chiba) in Japan (Fig.3).2. Local actors of Aki in Kochi prefecture have managed to revitalize vegetable production under greenhouse by innovating a new pest control method and diffusing of it since the late of 1990s (Fig.4).3. The new pests invasion to Japan and consumer demand for alternative food have triggered off the diffusion of IPM within the study area. Local actors, for instance regional leader of farmers' study group, prefectural extension service center, and agricultural cooperative have continuously tried to innovate the development of the pest control technique for vegetable under greenhouse production. Continuous regional innovation enabled the self-sustained evolution of the area. The local learning system of the study area has sustained continuous regional innovation. Farmers share their experiences and create tacit knowledge themselves (Fig.5). The success of making local learning system is a main key to understand continuous regional innovation as regional responses to inter-regional competition and changes of consumer behavior. Both cooperative competition and spatial symbiosis within farmers of the study area are a requirement for continuous regional innovation based on knowledge creation and self-sustained evolution of agricultural area.4. In comparison with vegetable producing area in Kochi, the lack of local learning system in the tea growing area of Shizuoka brings about the delay in spreading of IPM method to farmers.5. The technique of IPM has been introduced from the Netherlands to Japan. IPM has now become common practice within Dutch vegetable production in greenhouse. The success of spreading IPM method is due to the advisory system for supporting the decision-making of individual Dutch vegetable growers. Recent shifts in consumer behavior and societal views of the roles of agriculture from productivist to post-productivist bring about the changes of Dutch agro-sector to the adoption of environmentally friendly production technique and pursuit of food quality, especially health scares. Less

本研究的目的是阐明当地参与者如何在面临内部和外部扰动时设法维持农业生产并振兴农村社区。日本农业分为工业/生产主义模式和后工业/后生产主义模式。工业和后工业模式都以知识为基础的经济活动为特征。农民需要不断创新技术和农场管理，以应对国际和区域间的竞争。目前尚不清楚农民如何创造知识以获得竞争优势，以及知识如何传播给一个地区的其他农民。为什么一些地区在内忧外患的情况下仍能保持生产？这些领域如何带来持续创新？我们希望从知识创造和学习环境的角度，通过替代生产系统向温室种植区蔬菜扩散的案例研究来探索这些问题的答案。研究结果如下： 1．害虫综合防治（IPM）已在日本的温室传统蔬菜产区（高知、福冈、爱知、茨城、千叶）推广（图3）。2．自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来，高知县安艺市的当地行动者通过创新并推广新的害虫防治方法，成功地振兴了温室下的蔬菜生产（图 4）3。日本的新害虫入侵和消费者对替代食品的需求引发了 IPM 在研究区域内的传播。地方农民学习小组组长、县推广服务中心、农业合作社等地方主体不断尝试创新发展大棚蔬菜病虫害防治技术。持续的区域创新使得该地区能够自我持续发展。研究区本土学习体系持续区域创新。农民分享他们的经验并自己创造隐性知识（图5）。地方学习系统的成功建立是理解持续区域创新作为区域对区域间竞争和消费者行为变化的反应的关键。研究区农户内部的合作竞争和空间共生是农业区基于知识创造和自我持续演化的持续区域创新的要求。4．与高知县的蔬菜产区相比，静冈县茶产区缺乏当地的学习体系，导致IPM方法向农民推广的速度较慢。 5． IPM技术已从荷兰引进到日本。 IPM 现已成为荷兰温室蔬菜生产中的常见做法。 IPM方法的成功推广归功于支持荷兰个体蔬菜种植者决策的咨询系统。最近消费者行为和社会对农业角色的看法从生产力主义向后生产力主义的转变，导致荷兰农业部门转向采用环保生产技术和追求食品质量，尤其是健康恐慌。较少的