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Geographical Research on Evolution Mechanism of Agricultural Space : Case Study of the Diffusion of Alternative Food Production System

农业空间演化机制的地理学研究——替代性食品生产体系扩散案例研究

基本信息

批准号：
19520672
负责人：
ITO Takahiro
金额：
$ 2.83万
依托单位：
Aichi University of Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2007 至 2009
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this study is to elucidate how local actors have managed to sustain agricultural production and to revitalize rural community in the face of internal and external perturbations. The agriculture of Japan consists of the industrial/productivism model and post-industrial/post-productivism model. Both industrial and post-industrial model are characterised with a knowledge based economic activity. Farmers are necessary to innovate their skill and farm management continuously to cope with international and inter-regional competition. It is not clear how farmers can create knowledge to gain competitive advantage and how knowledge diffuses into other farmers within an area. Why have some areas sustained their production in the face of internal stress and external disturbance? How do these areas bring about continuous innovation? We would like to explore answers to these questions through a case study of diffusion of the alternative production system into vegetable under greenhou … More se growing area from the standpoint of knowledge creation and learning environment. The findings are as follows:1. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been diffused into the traditional vegetable under greenhouse producing areas (Kochi, Fukuoka, Aichi, Ibaraki and Chiba) in Japan (Fig.3).2. Local actors of Aki in Kochi prefecture have managed to revitalize vegetable production under greenhouse by innovating a new pest control method and diffusing of it since the late of 1990s (Fig.4).3. The new pests invasion to Japan and consumer demand for alternative food have triggered off the diffusion of IPM within the study area. Local actors, for instance regional leader of farmers' study group, prefectural extension service center, and agricultural cooperative have continuously tried to innovate the development of the pest control technique for vegetable under greenhouse production. Continuous regional innovation enabled the self-sustained evolution of the area. The local learning system of the study area has sustained continuous regional innovation. Farmers share their experiences and create tacit knowledge themselves (Fig.5). The success of making local learning system is a main key to understand continuous regional innovation as regional responses to inter-regional competition and changes of consumer behavior. Both cooperative competition and spatial symbiosis within farmers of the study area are a requirement for continuous regional innovation based on knowledge creation and self-sustained evolution of agricultural area.4. In comparison with vegetable producing area in Kochi, the lack of local learning system in the tea growing area of Shizuoka brings about the delay in spreading of IPM method to farmers.5. The technique of IPM has been introduced from the Netherlands to Japan. IPM has now become common practice within Dutch vegetable production in greenhouse. The success of spreading IPM method is due to the advisory system for supporting the decision-making of individual Dutch vegetable growers. Recent shifts in consumer behavior and societal views of the roles of agriculture from productivist to post-productivist bring about the changes of Dutch agro-sector to the adoption of environmentally friendly production technique and pursuit of food quality, especially health scares. Less

本研究的目的是阐明当地行为者如何在面临内部和外部动荡的情况下设法维持农业生产和振兴农村社区。日本农业由工业/生产主义模式和后工业/后生产主义模式构成。工业和后工业模式的特点是以知识为基础的经济活动。农民必须不断创新他们的技术和农场管理，以科普国际和区域间的竞争。农民如何创造知识以获得竞争优势，以及知识如何传播给一个地区内的其他农民，这一点尚不清楚。为什么有的地区在内忧外患的情况下还能坚持生产？这些领域如何带来持续创新？我们想通过一个温室蔬菜替代生产系统的推广案例来探讨这些问题的答案 ...更多信息从知识创造和学习环境的角度来看，研究结果如下：1.在日本的传统温室蔬菜生产区（高知、福冈、爱知、茨木和千叶），害虫综合防治（IPM）已得到推广.高知县阿基的地方行动者自20世纪90年代后期以来，通过创新一种新的害虫防治方法并推广它，设法振兴了温室蔬菜生产（图4）。新害虫入侵日本和消费者对替代食品的需求引发了IPM在研究区域内的扩散。地方行为者，如农民研究小组区域领导人、县推广服务中心和农业合作社，不断尝试创新温室蔬菜病虫害防治技术的发展。持续的区域创新使该地区能够自我持续发展。研究区的地方学习体系支撑了持续的区域创新。农民分享经验，自己创造隐性知识（图5）。成功地建立地方学习系统是理解区域持续创新是区域对区域间竞争和消费者行为变化的反应的关键。研究区农户内部的合作竞争和空间共生是基于知识创造的持续区域创新和农业区域自我持续演化的需要.与高知蔬菜产区相比，静冈茶叶产区缺乏地方学习体系，导致IPM方法在农民中的推广滞后. IPM技术是从荷兰引进到日本的。IPM现已成为荷兰温室蔬菜生产中的普遍做法。IPM方法的成功推广归功于支持荷兰蔬菜种植者个人决策的咨询系统。近年来，消费者行为和社会对农业角色的看法从生产主义到后生产主义的转变，使荷兰农业部门转变为采用环境友好的生产技术和追求食品质量，特别是健康恐慌。少