The regional economy and local autonomy in Germany and Switzerland

首先，德国地方自治的历史基础和今天的自治形式并不一定是不可逾越的鸿沟。我们必须根据历史事实，考虑到连续性和变化这两个因素，重新考虑德国的地方自治。其次，瑞士的公民身份基于三个层面，即Gemeinde， Kanton和国家层面。在所有三级政府中，直接民主都是瑞士历史转折点的结果，当时法国大革命式的现代主义受到压制。

First, the historical basis of German local self-government and the form of self-government today are not necessarily separated by an unbridgeable gap. We must rethink German local self-government in light of the historical facts, by taking into account the two elements of continuity and change. Next, citizenship in Switzerland is based on three strata, namely, Gemeinde, Kanton, and national level. At all three levels of government, direct democracy is practiced as a result of the turning point in Swiss history, in which French Revolution-type modernism was suppressed.