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詳細な積雪分布観測のための偏波レーダ活用技術開発

偏振雷达利用详细雪分布观测技术的开发

基本信息

批准号：
25820172
负责人：
PARK SANGUN
金额：
$ 2.83万
依托单位：
Niigata University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2013-04-01 至 2014-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Since snow is a highly dynamic media in conjunction with energy fluxes, wind, moisture, water vapor, and pressure, integrated observation of snow-covered areas from multi-frequency SAR data can play an important role in mapping and monitoring snow properties and dynamics. This study aims to evaluate the capability of L-band space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for detection of seasonal snow-covered areas. The seasonal change of backscattering from a snow-covered mountainous ecosystem was studied using the Japanese ALOS/PALSAR system. This study places the focus on utilization of the fully polarimetric scattering observation, maximizing information on the seasonal changes of snow-cover. The selected study site is Uonuma area in Southern Niigata Prefecture. This area is on the northern edge of the Japanese Alps and has some of the heaviest snowfall in the country due to a winter monsoon blowing from Siberia to the islands of Japan.In this study, vector scattering information of L-band signal and its snow-induced changes have been originally investigated. The effect of topography as well as snowpack thickness on SAR signal has been newly discovered. Based on the characteristic seasonal changes of polarimetric parameters, a new method to map snow-covered areas has been developed using an information fusion approach. Snow extent can be identified successfully by combining polarimetric indices. This study has elucidated that the L-band fully polarimetric spaceborne SAR, such as ALOS-2, will provide sufficient information on seasonal snow.

由于雪是一种与能量通量、风、湿度、水蒸气和压力相结合的高度动态介质，因此利用多频合成孔径雷达数据对积雪覆盖区进行综合观测，可在测绘和监测雪的特性和动态方面发挥重要作用。本研究旨在评估L波段星载合成孔径雷达（SAR）探测季节性积雪覆盖区的能力。利用日本ALOS/PALSAR系统研究了积雪山区生态系统后向散射的季节变化。本研究的重点是充分利用偏振散射观测，最大限度地提高信息的季节性变化的积雪。所选研究中心为新泻县南部的上沼地区。该地区位于日本阿尔卑斯山的北方边缘，由于冬季风从西伯利亚吹到日本的岛屿，该地区的降雪量是该国最大的。新发现了地形和积雪厚度对SAR信号的影响。基于极化参数的季节性变化特征，提出了一种利用信息融合方法绘制积雪覆盖区地图的新方法。结合极化指数可以成功地识别积雪范围。这项研究表明，L波段全极化星载合成孔径雷达，如ALOS-2，将提供关于季节性降雪的充分信息。