Structural Barriers to Women's Labor Force Participation and Equal Division of Housework : Multilevel Analysis of Regional Differences

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This study examines the impact of regional characteristics regarding the labor market gender relations and public childcare provision on women's employment and the division of housework. I find that (1) women in the regions with higher rates of female technical and professional occupations and childcare enrollment have higher employment rate, after controlling for their micro level characteristics. However, (2) in regions with higher rates of female managerial occupations, women are less likely to be employed. With regard to the division of housework, (3) I find that in the regions where women think that they have good career prospects, men participate more in housework. (4) Regional childcare provisions, however, do not have significant effects on the division of housework.