Isotope Shift Measurements of Samarium Muonic Atom X-rays in Thin Solid Deuterium Films

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In this research, we proposed to implant stable samarium isotopes in thin solid hydrogen films to form muonic atoms through the direct muon transfer reaction, and then conduct muonic X-ray spectroscopy with those implanted ions to determine isotope shifts and transfer rates. The isotope shift of muonic atom X-rays measures the nuclear charge distribution of the nucleus, and samarium isotopes are of particular interest because they show very abrupt changes in their nuclear characteristics. This development is crucial in order to expand the solid hydrogen film method to produce muonic atoms with unstable nuclei in the future. Very promising results were obtained at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility with stable samarium isotopes ^<148>Sm and ^<152>Sm of about 1 ppm implanted into a thin solid deuterium film. Clear X-rays peaks from the 2p→1s muonic transitions in samarium (about 4.5MeV) were observed, and the isotope shift was consistent with that ^<148>Sm still has a spherical nucleus, while the nucleus of ^<152>Sm is highly deformed.