Molecular mechanism of proteoglycan signalings

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The difference in the functions and regulatory mechanisms of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) is still obscure. In the present study we analyzed molecular interactions between signaling molecules and the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, especially CS/DS chains, to investigate the differences in the roles of HS and CS/DS in the signaling processes. Our results revealed that not only the sequences of disaccharide units but also the conformation of oligosaccharide domains and electrostatic distribution along the chains are important.