Live imaging of cerebral vascular development in the zebrafish.

颅血管以可重复和进化保守的方式形成。人类的初级血管系统被认为是由原始颈动脉（PICAs）的头侧支（CrDI）和尾侧支（CaDI）以及原始后脑通道（PHBCs）发育而来。但是这些血管的组装和获得其定型模式的过程仍然不清楚。使用双光子延时成像的转基因斑马鱼主要在包括成血管细胞的内皮细胞中表达EGFP，我们研究了斑马鱼大脑血管网络的逐步组装和图案化。我们发现，CrDI和CaDI起源于血管生成细胞簇的血管生成，该簇在12体节的阶段双侧组装在视神经囊的喙内，或者PICA从其他血管生成细胞簇发展，该簇双侧组装在视神经囊的尾内。吻侧和尾侧的簇表达动脉标记Hey 2。PHBCs在15-18体节的阶段从后脑侧腹壁中产生的成血管细胞群双侧发育，其表达静脉标记flt 4。我们的研究结果表明，颅血管发育的血管生成的主要三个集群的成血管细胞，这可能组装独立的vasuculogeseis的纵向主干轴血管。

Cranial vessels form in a reproducible and evolutionarily conserved manner. The primary vasculature was considered to develop from a pair of the cranial division (CrDIs) and caudal division (CaDIs) of primitive intercarotid arteries (PICAs) and primordial hindbrain channels (PHBCs) in human. But the process by which these vessels assemble and acquire their stereotypic patterning remains unclear. Using two-photon time-lapse imaging of transgenic zebrafish expressing EGFP predominatly in the endothelial cells including angioblasts, we examine the stepwise assembly and patterning of the vascular network of the zebrafish brain. We show CrDIs and CaDIs originate by angiogenesis from the angioblast clusters, which bilaterally assemble at the rostro-internal to the optic capsule at the stage of 12 somites, and alternatively PICAs develop from the other angioblast clusters, which bilaterally assemble just caudal-internal to the optic capsule. The both rostral and caudal clusters express the arterial maker Hey2. PHBCs develop bilaterally from the clusters of angioblasts arising among the lateral-ventral wall hindbrain at the stages of 15-18 somites, which express the venous maker flt4. Our results suggest that the cranial vessels develop by angiogenesis from the major three clusters of angioblasts, which may assemble independent of the vasuculogeseis of longitudinal trunk axial vessels.