Live imaging of cerebral vascular development in the zebrafish.

颅血管以可复制和进化保守的方式形成。原始血管系统被认为是由人类原始颈间动脉（PICAs）和原始后脑通道（phbc）的一对颅裂（CrDIs）和尾裂（CaDIs）发展而来。但是，这些血管聚集并获得其定型图案的过程尚不清楚。利用双光子延时成像技术，研究了在内皮细胞（包括成血管细胞）中主要表达EGFP的转基因斑马鱼大脑血管网络的逐步组装和模式。我们发现crdi和cadi起源于成血管细胞团簇的血管生成，它们在12个体点时双边聚集在视神经囊的尾部内部，而pica则来自其他成血管细胞团簇，它们双边聚集在视神经囊的尾部内部。吻侧和尾侧簇均表达动脉制造细胞Hey2。phbc在15-18岁时由后脑侧腹壁形成的成血管细胞群形成，表达造静脉蛋白fl4。我们的研究结果表明，颅内血管的形成是由三个主要的成血管细胞群形成的，这些成血管细胞群可以独立于纵干轴向血管的血管生成。

Cranial vessels form in a reproducible and evolutionarily conserved manner. The primary vasculature was considered to develop from a pair of the cranial division (CrDIs) and caudal division (CaDIs) of primitive intercarotid arteries (PICAs) and primordial hindbrain channels (PHBCs) in human. But the process by which these vessels assemble and acquire their stereotypic patterning remains unclear. Using two-photon time-lapse imaging of transgenic zebrafish expressing EGFP predominatly in the endothelial cells including angioblasts, we examine the stepwise assembly and patterning of the vascular network of the zebrafish brain. We show CrDIs and CaDIs originate by angiogenesis from the angioblast clusters, which bilaterally assemble at the rostro-internal to the optic capsule at the stage of 12 somites, and alternatively PICAs develop from the other angioblast clusters, which bilaterally assemble just caudal-internal to the optic capsule. The both rostral and caudal clusters express the arterial maker Hey2. PHBCs develop bilaterally from the clusters of angioblasts arising among the lateral-ventral wall hindbrain at the stages of 15-18 somites, which express the venous maker flt4. Our results suggest that the cranial vessels develop by angiogenesis from the major three clusters of angioblasts, which may assemble independent of the vasuculogeseis of longitudinal trunk axial vessels.