Enlightenment and errors : the role of the "history of errors" in the "general and rational history of sciences and arts" of the Encyclopedie

本文以《错误》为关键词，对《百科全书》（1751- 1772）的全文进行了全面的研究，并对其中涉及科学学科的文章进行了分析。作为这项研究的结果，我发现在百科全书的科学文章中描述的“错误”有几种模式，总结如下：1。错误的产生是由于科学术语的隐喻性使用，错误的产生是由于对对立假设的标签化，错误的产生是由于流行的信仰或迷信，错误的产生是由于“支配性错误”，多年来被当作真理来对待，最后被证明是错误的;过渡型错误，在经受了偏见的洗礼后，科学技术的进步证明了这一点。

I have undertaken a thorough research on the whole text of the Encyclopedie (1751-72) using 《errors》 as a keyword, and analysed the articles concerning scientific disciplines. As a result of this research, I found that the "error" described in the scientific articles of the Encylopedie has several patterns, as summarized below : 1. the error based on a metaphorical use of scientific terms ; the error occured by labeling opponent hypotheses ; the error as popular beliefs or superstitions ; the errow as 《dominative error》, which, after being treated like a piece of truth for long years, turned out to be an error ; the error of transitional type , which was found out to be true by the progress of science and technology after being exposed to prejudices.