Research on the Legal Theory of Non-Recognition for Preventing the Abuse of Non-Recognition Provisions on the Real Estate Property

本研究分析了日本不动产买卖不承认条款的问题，并将其与联邦所得税法进行了比较。由于日本长期以来对不动产买卖或交换的不承认规定只被视为一种政治措施，因此很少从法律角度对其进行讨论。首先，通过对美国司法判例的梳理，探讨不动产买卖交易不承认条款的依据。投资的连续性被确认为推迟对出售和交换不动产征税的理由，公司重组也是如此。其次，从投资连续性的角度对不动产买卖或交换适用不承认条款的要求进行了理论上的考察，以防止不承认条款的滥用。对日本现行税制进行更多的修订；在现行所得税法第58条的特殊处理下，房地产的出售或交换要求相当宽松，因此同类房地产的检验应该从投资连续性的角度进行更严格的界定。如果采用现行个人财产折旧规则中使用的标准作为替代标准，则税收要求将更加有限。关于税收特别待遇规则第58条规定的兑换要求，应规定一些明确的规则。例如，财产替换必须在45天内确定，并在纳税人转让后不迟于180天收到，这包括在联邦所得税“安全港规则”中。*本研究结果将于2011年7月在初塾大学研究所的资助下由Chuokeizai-sha， Inc.以“财产买卖或交换的税收理论”为标题发表。少

This research analyzed the issues on non-recognition provisions on sale or exchange of real estate property in Japan, comparing it with the Federal Income Taxation . Because the non-recognition provisions on sale or exchange of real estate property have been considered only as a political measure for a long time in Japan, it has hardly been discussed from the legal point of view.First, the study explored groundings for the non-recognition provisions on sale and exchange of real estate property, reviewing a number of judicial precedents in the US. Continuity of investment was confirmed as the rationale for the deferral of taxes on sale and exchange of real estate property, as was for corporate reorganization. Second, the requirements for the application of non-recognition provisions on sale or exchange of real estate property were theoretically examined from the point of continuity of investment in order to prevent abuses of non-recognition provisions.The discussions suggest the followi … More ng revisions of the current taxation in Japan :1. The test of like kind of real estate property should be more strictly defined in terms of continuity of investment because requirements of sale or exchange of real estate are quite loose under a special treatment of the current income tax law, section 58. The tax requirements will be more limited if the criteria used in the current property depreciation rules of personal property are applied as an alternative standard.2. Regarding the requirements of exchange under the tax special treatment rule, section 58, some clear rules should be provided. For instance, the property replacement must be identified within 45 days and received no later than 180 days after the taxpayer's transfer, which is included in Federal Income Taxation "Safe Harbor Rule."*The result of this research is to be published by Chuokeizai-sha, Inc. in July, 2011, under the title of "Tax Theory on the Sale or Exchange of Property" with the grant from Takushoku University Research Institute. Less