An application of efficiency analysis to index of economic performance with environmental load factors

本研究探讨了允许环境负荷因子存在于全要素生产率测量中的方法。为此，我们将环境负荷因素视为不希望的输出，对可生产的理想输出和给定输入的可控的不希望输出之间的技术关系进行建模。然后利用该模型对环境负荷因子扩展后的Hicks-Moorsteen-Bjurek生产率指数进行了测度。将该方法应用于日本电力公司的实际数据分析，并测量了具有环境负荷因子的全要素生产率和SO_2和CO_2的阴影值。当环境负荷因素存在时，本程序也适用于测试规模和范围经济。

This study explores the method which allows the presence of environmental load factors in measuring the total factor productivity. For this end, treating environmental load factors as undesirable outputs, we model the technological relationship between producible desirable outputs and controllable undesirable outputs given inputs. This model is then utilized to measure the Hicks-Moorsteen-Bjurek productivity index extended by environmental load factors. The proposed procedure is applied to analyzing real data on the Japanese electric utility firms and the total factor productivity with environmental load factors and the shadow values of SO_2 and CO_2 are measured. This procedure is also applicable to testing scale and scope economies when environmental load factors exist.