Migration and Labor Market in China : Has Chinese Economy Passed the Lewis's Turning Point?

(1)We 2008年在珠江三角洲9个城市和2009年在上海市进行了一次大规模的关于流动人口就业、工资和生活状况的问卷调查。通过调查，我们获得了大量的原始数据。同时，我们收集了一些官方数据，如中国人口普查和农业普查。通过这些，本研究的数据库已经建立。(2)我们在研究中发现，中国劳动力市场供求的社会经济条件正在发生变化，无限的劳动力供给确实变得越来越困难。然而，我们不能仅以此来解释中国的刘易斯拐点。在有关农村、农民、就业、工资、社会保障等基本政策上，都发生了剧变，并对劳动力市场产生了强烈的影响。所有这些因素都必须考虑在内。(3)城乡二元结构和大城市二元劳动力市场中存在的户籍（户口）壁垒降低，个人能力和努力的作用变得重要。如果对诸多制度缺陷进行进一步矫正，农业剩余劳动力将得到有效利用，劳动力对经济增长的制约也将得到缓解。

(1)We carried out a large scale questionnaire which is about the employment, wage and life of the temporary migrants in nine cities of the Zhu Jiang delta in 2008, and another one in shanghai in 2009. By the surveys, we developed a lot of primary data. At the same time, we collected some official data such as the population census and the Agriculture Census of China. Through these, the database for this research has been built.(2) We found in the research that the social and economic conditions of the supply and demand on the labor market in China are changing, and the unlimited labor supply is really becoming more difficult. However, we cannot explain the Lewis's turning point in China only by that. In the fundamental policies about the rural and peasants, and the employment, wages, and social security, a diastrophism is occurring, and has a strong impact on the labor market. All of these factors must be taken into consideration also.(3) The wall of the household registration (hukou) which is existing in the dual structure of rural-urban, and the dual labor market in the large cities, becomes low, and the role of individual's ability and effort is becoming important. If correction of the defect of many institutions is performed further, the agricultural surplus labor may be effectively used, and the labor restrictions to economic growth will also be eased.