Comparative study between Japan and European countries on polarization of youth transitions and youth policies ; How 'social capitals' work on youth in the society of late modernity?

本研究揭示了以下几点：近年来日本和欧洲的一些研究表明，后现代性时代的青年转型在“选择传记”和“风险传记”之间两极分化，社会资本与经济和文化资本之间的联系变得更加紧密。为了分析青年政策，有三个轴--“普遍服务”。有针对性的服务“，”支持参与文化社区。"协作工作模式“各国的青年政策都已“个人化”和“个性化”，尽管不同的福利国家模式有不同的特点。从业人员面临着个性化的政策方案和他们原来的合作工作之间的困境。

This research reveals following points;Several recent researches in Japan and European countries show that youth transitions in the late modernity have become to be polarized between 'Choice Biography' and 'risk Biography', in which linkage between social capitals and economic and cultural capitals has become strong.In order to analyze youth policies, there are three axes ;'universal services. target services','supports for participating into cultural community. into workplaces','collaboration work model ? personal guidance and counseling model'.In every country, youth policies have become 'personalized' and 'individualized', although there had been different character according to models of welfare states. Practitioners face dilemma between personalized policy schemes and their original collaborated work.