A study of neutrophils on diagnosis of the severity in organ dysfunction and the cause of death following hemorrhagic shock

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The role of neutrophils was studied by quantitatively grading four groups of hemorrhaging rats, focused on the kidney, so-called shock organ. As the amount of bleeding increased, the initial activation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-1β, were progressively enhanced. The severity of renal dysfunction, manifested by serum creatinine concentration, was well correlated with the degree of neutrophils accumulation in the kidney. The present results confirmed that the frequency of activated neutrophils recruited into the kidney might be a useful for morphological diagnosis on the severity of renal dysfunction and that the increase of initial p38 MAPK activation following hemorrhagic shock quantitatively enhanced the ensuing inflammatory renal dysfunction in response to the degree and the progression of hemorrhagic shock.