Cardiomyogenesis and the Mechanism of Immunologic Tolerance of Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cell

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently been used for clinical application, and their safety and feasibility in cardiac stem cell-based therapy have been demonstrated, specially human bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs). Thus, MSCs are a more important cellular source for stem cell-based therapy from a practical point of view. However there are several problems. The efficacy of BMMSCs was still limited, however, because of low efficiency for cardiomyogenic transdifferentiation. The establishment of stem cell bank system and the use of immunosuppressant agents were also essential. While human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMCs) is known to differentiate into many tissues in vitro. Moreover human amniotic membrane is thought to play an important role for immunologic tolerance during pregnancy with expression of HLA-G, the non-classical human lerukocyte antigen (HLA) class I b. In the present study, we aimed to show hAMCs has a potency of cardiomyocyte differentiation, transplanted hAMCs-induced immunological tolerance and survival of transdifferentiated cardiomyocyte from HAMC in vivo.