The role of the adipocyte function in the gender-specific medicine after the surgical stress : the effectiveness of the pioglitazone administration

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Adipose tissue is considered to be an endocrine/immune organ secreting a variety of biologically active molecules, conceptualized as adipokines. However, the mechanism of gender-related alterations in the innate function of adipose tissue after major surgery is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gender differences in innate inflammatory responses and the function of adipose tissue in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal gastrointestinal surgery. There were no significant differences in terms of age, operation time, or blood loss between male and female patients. However, the women had a significantly lower morbidity rate due to postoperative complication than did the men. Preoperative levels of adiponectin and leptin were lower in male patients than in female patients and postoperative adiponectin and leptin levels have clearly shown lower inflammatory responses in women after surgery. These findings suggest that male patients might develop postoperative immune suppression after major surgery, whereas female patients have an immunological advantage including adipose function during the early postoperative period.