Toward the development of archival descriptive standards in consideration of the characteristics of Japanese materials

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In order to develop catalogs or database of voluminous and various archival materials, whether they are traditional manuscripts or contemporary electronic records, it is necessary to design rules for describing them (or content standards) in consideration of these materials. Based on the comparison of library cataloging rules and archival rules, as well as on surveys of archival standards and practices in Japan and the other countries, we conclude that it is specifically important for archival description to develop the "collective description" methods, in which archival materials are recognized and expressed as a whole aggregation comprised of multiple records, rather than as individual items.