Effects of heavy oil on occurrence of infectious disease and nervous development anomaly

本文研究了重油对鱼类传染病发生和神经发育异常的影响。从实验感染的结果，我们发现，重油暴露诱导高死亡率的病毒性出血性败血症病毒（VHSV）的载体日本比目鱼。与VHSV感染组相比，病毒+重油双重感染组的干扰素、凋亡诱导等抗病毒活性相关基因的表达相对较低。因此，在双重应激影响的鱼中，抗病毒活性被抑制，这可能导致病毒在宿主细胞中广泛复制，导致疾病的发生。另一方面，我们观察到从重油暴露胚胎中孵化出的鱼的神经发育异常。从sema 3A探针原位杂交实验的结果来看，基因表达谱的改变是导致这种异常的原因。

In this study, the effects of heavy oil on occurrence of fish infectious disease and nervous development anomaly were investigated. From the result of an experimental infection, we found that heavy oil exposure induced high mortality in viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)-carrier Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The expressions of antiviral activity related genes such as interferon and apoptosis induction were relatively lower in the dual group (virus + heavy oil) compared with those of VHSV infection group. Thus, the antiviral activities were suppressed in the fish affected by the dual stressor, which might lead to extensive viral replication in the host cells, resulting in the occurrence of the disease. On the other hand, we observed nervous developmental anomaly in the fish hatched from heavy oil-exposed embryo. From the result of in situ hybridization experiment using sema3A probe, it is suggested that changes of the gene expression profile was responsible for the anomaly.