Effects of heavy oil on occurrence of infectious disease and nervous development anomaly

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In this study, the effects of heavy oil on occurrence of fish infectious disease and nervous development anomaly were investigated. From the result of an experimental infection, we found that heavy oil exposure induced high mortality in viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV)-carrier Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The expressions of antiviral activity related genes such as interferon and apoptosis induction were relatively lower in the dual group (virus + heavy oil) compared with those of VHSV infection group. Thus, the antiviral activities were suppressed in the fish affected by the dual stressor, which might lead to extensive viral replication in the host cells, resulting in the occurrence of the disease. On the other hand, we observed nervous developmental anomaly in the fish hatched from heavy oil-exposed embryo. From the result of in situ hybridization experiment using sema3A probe, it is suggested that changes of the gene expression profile was responsible for the anomaly.