Notice of Civil Ligation and Burden to Participate.

本研究的结果是：(1)对实体标准的重新评价，即所谓的“对辅助性参与的必要性限制模式”；(2)对程序标准上的问题的分析，称为“非限制模式”；(3)建议参与效果应由实体标准来决定，尽管双重附属参与在实体标准和程序标准上是可能的。

Results of this study are(1)reevaluation of the substantial criterion, which is called"limitation model of necessity to ubsidiary participation",(2)analysis of the problem on the procedural criterion, which is called"non-limitation model", and(3)the suggestion that the participative effect shall be decided by the substantial criterion, in spite of that dual subsidiary participations on the substantial and procedural criteria are possible.