Study of different effects of social relationships onelderly well-being

这项研究考察了社会关系对老年人心理健康(WB)的影响如何因性别和年龄等个人属性而有所不同。回顾以往的研究和对调查数据进行二次分析的结果表明，社会关系的数量及其与工作满意度的关系因性别而异，但由于社会关系类型和工作满意度指数的不同，社会关系的数量和与工作满意度的关系也存在进一步的差异。在老年男性中，由于配偶的存在，结果也有很大差异。与男性相比，老年女性与朋友和邻居的非正式社交接触更多，这些非正式关系包括与孩子的非正式关系对生活满意度显示出更强的正向影响。然而，当抑郁被用作WB指数时，上述性别差异并未观察到。另一方面，老年男性由于正式的社会参与(即参加小组或志愿者活动)，其WB往往较高。社会关系对WB的影响可能也会因年龄和教育程度的不同而不同，但数据不足，这些因素需要在未来的研究中进行检验。

This study examined how the effects of social relationships on psychological well-being(WB) among the elderly differed by personal attributes such as gender and age. Review on previous research and results of secondary analyses on survey data show that quantity of social relationships and their relationship with WB differ by gender, but there are further differences due to type of social relationship and WB indices. Among elderly males, the results also differed greatly due to existence of spouse. Compared to males, elderly females had more informal social contact with friends and neighbors, and these informal relationships including those with children showed stronger positive effects on life satisfaction. However, when depression was used as WBindex, the gender difference seen above was not observed. On the other hand, elderly males' WB tended to be higher due to formal social participation(i. e., participation in groups or volunteer activities). the effects of social relationships on WB may differ due to age and education as well, but data were insufficient and these factors need to be examined in future research.