Origin of pollination mutualism of Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae) and flower bug (Anthocoridae, Hemiptera)

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Some Macaranga species (Euphorbiaceae) are pollinated by specialized hemipterans and thrips reproducing on inflorescence (nursery pollination). By investigating pollination of other related species, we found that the nursery pollination systems are likely to have evolved from pollination by wind or generalist pollinators attracted by extra floral nectar. Acquirement of thrips pollination may be related with evolution of myrmechophyte in the plant group, since ant-repellents secreted by thrips reduces disturbance on pollination by guarding ants often found in other myrmechophitic groups.