Medium chain fatty acid regulates uncoupling protein 3 expression in skeletal muscle

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Long chain fatty acids are incorporated into chylomicrons and transported trough lymph, whereas medium chain fatty acids which are transported in the portal blood directly to the liver and are consumed as energy immediately. However, the role of medium chain fatty acids on energy expenditure in skeletal muscle was unclear. In the present study, we found that the expression of uncoupling protein 3(UCP3) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4) was increased in medium chain fatty acid-treated muscle cells. The uptake of medium chain fatty acids in FATP1-transfected cells significantly increased, compared with that in mock-transfected cells. Furthermore, the expression of UCP3 induced by medium chain fatty acid was blocked with GSK0660, a selective PPAR-δantagonist, in muscle cells. These findings suggest that medium chain fatty acids protect the obesity by a mechanism that may involve in the expression of UCP3 in skeletal muscle, resulting in increased thermoregulation.