Establishment and evaluation of the measurement of serum Smad1 in diabetic vascular complications.

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In order to clarify the functional role of Smad1 in vascular cells during the course of progression of diabetic vascular complications, potential of serum Smad1 as an early biomarker to detect the development and progression of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes was examined.(1) Existence of non-phosphorylated, C-terminus phosphorylated and linker-phosphorylated Smad1 was found. Profiles for the values of each Smad1 form in serum were made.(2) Serum MGP was found as a surrogate marker for evaluation of motions of Smad1-related molecules in STZ-induced diabetic mice models.(3) Negative association was observed between severity of atherosclerosis in abdominal aorta and serum MGP levels in patients. Significant difference of MGP-SNPs in the influence on the development of diabetic vascular complications was found, which are independent of the levels of serum MGP in these patients.