Epidemiologic and experimental study to clarify involvement of heavy metals in Parkinson's disease

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From the results of the case-control study in China comparing concentrations of metals and vitamins in blood and urine, excessive intake of iron and copper, accumulation of manganese, vitamin E/copper imbalance in intake, and vitamin B12 decrease by zinc deficiency in the body might be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease.Our experimental study using Mouse CD1 brain striatum neuronal cells suggests the possibility that manganese causes increased nicotinamide N-methyltransferase activity, thereby increasing 1-methylnicotinamide levels in the brain and bringing about neuron death.