Mechanisms of sulforaphane-induced breast cancer cell death via autophagy and its application in cancer treatment

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Sulforaphane(SFN) significantly inhibited primary tumor growth and tended to reduce axillary lymph node metastasis of KPL-1 human breast cancer cell xenografts in female athymic mice with no side effects. The involvement of autophagy in the SFN-induced apoptotic cell death of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells was cytoprotective. Therefore, SFN is safe and the combination of SFN with autophagy inhibitor may be a promising strategy for breast cancer control.