Navigation with air-ultrasonic-scanning system for laparoscopic surgery

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Image-assist is important during laparoscopic surgery because haptic sense is not available. Scanning intraluminal lesion or marking clip in the operation is necessary for surgical navigation and augmentation on the preoperative simulation. For this purpose, we developed the ultrasonic imaging system for intraluminal lesion through gaseous, liquid, and solid layers. Metal clip was imaged by long wavelength incident waves and higher amplified receiver. This technique could be applied to more useful navigation system.