Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, oxidative stress and tumor suppressor gene abnormality in the development of esophageal cancer

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Oxidative DNA damage, which partially induced by smoking, as well as disturbance of repair system, must be closely related to esophageal carcinogenesis and it's progression. The p53 gene mutation was frequently observed in the esophageal cancer and predominance of transversion mutations, which indicate possible importance of the benzo[a] pyrene metabolite and oxidative DNA damage, were also recognized. Furthermore, LOH without copy number change(copy-neutral LOH) at the p53 locus might be the major mechanism for inactivation of the intact allele in esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis associated with p53 mutation.