a role of glial cells in the central nervous system to prevent retrograde degeneration of the facial nucleus and a mechanism for axonal regeneration

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Axonal injury models throughout the facial nerve from brainstem to the target was utilized to analyze the mechanism of retrograde motoneuron degeneration and seek the preventing factors against the neuronal loss. Peripheral injury induced little motoneuron degeneration, but brainstem injury showed massive and rapid degeneration resulting in only 3% neuronal survival on day 28.Peripheral nerve autograft induced 8-times axonal survival and erythropoietin 3-times, but no other neuroprotective factors found so far. Nitric oxide was supposed to be related to the mechanism of neuronal loss but apoptosis was not. The neuroprotective mechanism for retrograde degeneration might give us the cue for CNS regeneration.