Preparation of Completely Individualized Nanofibrils from Biomass, and Their Conversions to Environmentally Compatible Materials

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The conventional/new TEMPO-mediated oxidations were applied to cellulose and chitin consisting of crystalline microfibrils and curdlan. Chemical structures, nanostructures and molecular weights of the obtained oxidized polysaccharides were elucidated. During these studies, new TEMPO-mediated oxidation mechanisms were made clear. Position-selective and efficient surface medication methods of TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrils via ion-exchange treatment were studied, and switching technologies of the nanofibrils from biodegradable to stable and from hydrophilic to hydrophobic nature were established. New composite materials consisting of the surface-modified nanofibrils were prepared under various conditions, and some of them had quite high mechanical strengths, gas-barrier/gas-selective separation functions, heavy-metal adsorption behavior, and transparent/flexible/conductive properties. Thus, TEMPO-oxidized nanofibrils have versatile potential applications as new bio-based nanomaterials.