New role of interleukin-17 in protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infections and its application

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IL-17 was identified as a proinflammatory cytokine which induce generation and migration of neutrophils. We demonstrated that IL-17 also participate in protective immunity against intracellular bacterial infection in neutrophil-independent manner. To address the mechanism of IL-17-mediated protection, IL-17-deficient mice infected with mycobacteria were analyzed. In the absence of IL-17 produced byγδT cells, mature granuloma formation in the lung was impaired, with attenuated protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Induction of adhesion molecules by IL-17 was indicated to be important in the mature granuloma formation. All the results suggest that regulation of IL-17-producing cells would be a new approach to enhance protective immunity against tuberculosis.