Large scale prevalence study and Exploring biological marker by long-term follow-up study for PDD/ARMS

对PDD有怀疑的儿童在入学时接受体检的比率为1。阿加诺市88%(9/477)；新泻市19%（11/919）。作为PDD的一个危险因素，我们在爱野市发现了一个高龄父亲，在新泻市发现了一个出生窒息。在我们的成像研究中，MRI图像上PDD受试者的丘脑体积明显小于对照组；与对照组相比，PDD受试者在模仿任务中表现出左右前额叶皮层活动平衡的左偏减少。在我们的分子遗传学研究中，我们观察到TPH2基因与PDD之间的潜在关联；我们未能在微RNA 137中发现与PDD显著相关的基因多态性。在我们的中间表型研究中，5-HTTLPR基因多态性影响PDD受试者内侧前额叶皮层的神经发育；5-HTR1A基因多态性与PDD的一些临床表型分化有关。在入学时通过医学检查很难确定高危精神状态（ARMS）症状，因此在本研究期间不存在出现ARMS症状的儿童。我们将在30多年积累的研究基础上，推进流行病学调查和生物标志物探索。

Rates of children with doubt of PDD, in medical examination at the time of entering school, were 1. 88%(9/477) in Agano city and 1. 19%(11/919) in Niigata city. As a risk factor of PDD, we identified an advanced father's age in Agano city and a birth asphyxia in Niigata city. In our imaging study, the thalamus volume in an MRI image is significantly smaller in PDD subjects compared with controls ; PDD subjects have shown a decrease in leftward bias of the balance between right and left prefrontal cortex activity during imitation tasks when compared with controls. In our molecular genetic study, we observed a potential association between TPH2 gene and PDD ; we failed to identify a gene polymorphism in micro RNA 137 that significantly associated PDD. In our intermediate phenotype study, the polymorphism of 5-HTTLPR gene influences the neural development of the medial prefrontal cortex among PDD subjects ; The polymorphism of 5-HTR1A gene is related to some divided clinical phenotypes of PDD.It is difficult to identify At Risk Mental State(ARMS) symptoms by a medical examination at the time of entering school, thus children who showed ARMS symptoms between this research period did not exist. We will promote the epidemiological survey and exploring biological marker based on the established research base for over 30 years.