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Physiological study to revealbrain mechanism of willfor voluntary action

生理学研究揭示自愿行动意志的大脑机制

基本信息

批准号：
21700288
负责人：
MATSUHASHI Masao
金额：
$ 2.75万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2009 至 2012
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-21700288/
关键词：
行動意思決定論随意運動脳磁図脳波自由意志運動準備脳活動

项目摘要

What is will has long been one of the essential questions of mankind. Based on the most influential work in the field of neuroscience reported by Benjamin Libet in 1983, we introduced a new paradigm in 2008 toexplore the perception of human will. In the task, the subjects performed self-paced right index finger extension with interval of 5-10 seconds, while repetitivetones were administered randomly at intervals of 3 to 20 seconds. Subjectswere asked to perform the movement immediately upon the thought to move, but tohalt it if they heard a tone after the thought. Tones they heard before the thought were ignored. The time of the thought to move (T) was calculated from the tone latency distribution relative to the movement onset. While Libet’s clock paradigm tries to measure the time of meta-consciousness when the subject spontaneously recognize one’s own mind and will, this new method is made to explore the time when the subject’s will comes to the bare consciousness state, where one c … More an recognize one’s own will if, but only if, probed externally by the tones. The T time was estimated to be 1.42 seconds on average before the movement onset. This was earlier than the Libet’s W time by more than a second, but still later than the onset of readiness potential that was, on average, -2.17 seconds before the movement onset. The result supports the idea that the neural preparation in the brain starts before we are aware of it, not even encouraged do so, and what we recognize as our will for motion is the perception that such neural procedure reaches a certain threshold level of activity. However, while involvement ofsupplementary area is assumed from the results of neuroimaging studies, the search for the responsible area by means of readiness potential has indicated the importance of primary sensorimotor area and parietal lobe. The role of the early rising readiness potential for will generation and perception is still unclear. In order to find the neurophysiological cortical correlate of the perception of will, we used EEG and MEG to record cortical activity during Libet’s clock paradigm and the new paradigm as described in the previous sentense. The result showed no significant relationship between premovement EEG activity (readiness potential) and the time of will perception by Libet paradigm, concordant to the previous results. On the other hand, premovement MEG activity (readiness field: RF) was larger in the trials in which the subject reported earlier W time when compared to the trials with later W time report. The estimated sources of the activity were distributed mainly in the medial wall ofthe posterior frontal to anterior parietal lobe. The correlation study between T time and RF showed significant correlation around the left supplementary motor area, while correlation between RF and P time, the point of no return when the subject couldn’t stop action even if they heard the tone, showed significant correlation in the left parietal area. These result, put together with the previous neurophysiological and neuroimaging result, supports the idea of fronto-parietal network in the generation and perception of our intention and action. Less

什么是意志，一直是人类的基本问题之一。在Benjamin Libet于1983年发表的神经科学领域最有影响力的研究成果的基础上，我们于2008年引入了一个新的范式来探索人类意志的感知。在任务中，受试者以5-10秒的间隔进行自主起搏的右手食指伸展，同时以3 - 20秒的间隔随机给予重复的酮。受试者被要求在想到要移动时立即执行该动作，但如果他们在想到后听到一个音调，则停止该动作。他们在想到之前听到的音调被忽略了。从相对于运动开始的音调潜伏期分布计算移动想法的时间（T）。利贝特的时钟范式试图测量主体自发地认识自己的思想和意志时的元意识时间，而这一新方法则是探索主体的意志达到裸意识状态时的时间，在裸意识状态下，主体的意识被激活。 ...更多信息一个承认自己的意愿，如果，但只有当，探测外部的音调。运动开始前T时间估计为平均1.42秒。这比利贝特的W时间早了一秒多，但仍然晚于准备电位的开始，平均而言，在运动开始前-2.17秒。这一结果支持了这样一种观点，即大脑中的神经准备在我们意识到它之前就开始了，甚至不鼓励我们这样做，我们认为我们的运动意志是这样一种感觉，即这种神经过程达到了一定的活动阈值水平。然而，虽然从神经影像学研究的结果假设参与的辅助区，搜索的责任区的准备电位的手段表明，主要感觉运动区和顶叶的重要性。早起的准备潜力在意志生成和感知中的作用仍然不清楚。为了发现意志知觉的神经生理学皮层相关性，我们使用EEG和MEG记录了Libet时钟范式和前文所述的新范式下的皮层活动。结果表明，在Libet范式下，运动前脑电活动（准备电位）与意志知觉时间之间无显著相关，与前人的研究结果一致。另一方面，运动前MEG活动（准备字段：RF）是较大的试验中，受试者报告较早的W时间相比，试验较晚的W时间报告。估计的活动源主要分布在额后顶叶内侧壁。T时间与RF之间的相关性研究显示，在左侧辅助运动区周围有显著相关性，而RF与P时间之间的相关性，即即使听到音调也无法停止动作的不归点，在左侧顶叶区有显著相关性。这些结果与先前的神经生理学和神经影像学结果相结合，支持了额顶网络在我们的意图和行为的产生和感知中的观点。少