Spatio-temporal analysis of snowfalls from the cloud to the ground surface using radar and lidar from the cloud to the ground surface

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Radar measurements of precipitation are based on the relation between the radar reflectivity factor Z and precipitation rate R. In order to determine the Z-R relationship for snowfall, Z and R have to be measured independently with high accuracy within a short time intervals. It is also important to examine snow particle characteristic (shape, velocity, density, etc.) distinguish between snowflakes and graupels.In this research, the integrated measurement system for snowfall characteristic evaluation is presented. Various measurement utilities are gathered in one place to allow the snowfall observation on the wide scale by the radars and lidars scanning the lower atmosphere.