Clarification of implant loading condition on the basis of nanometer level structural analyses

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Bone is remodeled in response to dynamic loading, resulting in the adaptation of bone quantity and bone quality. The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of mechanical loading on osseointegration and bone quality and quantity around dental implants. Osseointegration, bone quantity, BMD, and bone quality, as defined by osteocyte numbers and the preferential alignment of biological apatite (BAp) c-axis/collagen fibers, were assessed using histomorphometric analyses, microcomputed tomography, polarized light microscopy and microbeam X-ray diffractometer. The time of initiation, the volume and the repetition of loading have vigorously enhanced osseointegration and bone quantity. BMD was also increased. Moreover, bone quality around dental implant was markedly improved with increased osteocyte numbers and preferential alignment of BAp c-axis/collagen fibers.