The role of cathepsin E in mammary carcinogenesis and prognosis in breast cancer

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Cathepsin E an endosomal aspartic proteinase associated with immune responses. The serum cathepsin E activity was significantly decreased according to the stages and progression in breast cancer, and was significantly associated with disease-free and overall survival. Cathepsin E-deficient mice frequently and age-dependently developed mammary tumors. Cathepsin E controls proper trafficking and secretion of Wnt5a that triggers normal growth and development of mammary glands, representing a novel mechanism whereby cathepsin E can inhibit mammary carcinogenesis.