Novel function of oxytocin : its anorectic neuronal pathway and(patho) physiological role in regulating feeding

PVN Nesf神经元的下游回路和上游调节因子(1)组织学和生理数据支持下丘脑PVN中的Oxt神经元在ARC中投射到POMC神经元，除了之前报道的NTS中的NTS POMC神经元。(2) Oxt- mrfp - tg大鼠空腹48小时后再饲喂，对PVN Oxt和ARC POMC mRNA水平没有影响，也没有进一步增加PVN的红色荧光。(3)调节催产素神经元的PVN Nesf神经元被高糖和胰岛素等食物诱发因子直接激活。外周给药Oxt抑制摄食并改善肥胖(1)Oxt增加小鼠迷走神经传入节节神经元胞浆Ca^<2+>。(2)在高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠中，外周给药Oxt可改善肥胖、内脏脂肪堆积、脂肪肝和高血糖，从而显示出抗肥胖和抗代谢综合征的作用。PVN Nesf- oxt系统参与应激反应(1)抑制应激相关核中应激激活的Nesf神经元。(2)中枢注射Nesf激活去甲肾上腺素、血清素和CRH神经元，升高血浆促肾上腺皮质激素和糖皮质激素水平，这是应激反应的关键介质

PVN Nesf neuron's downstream circuits and upstream regulators(1) Histological and physiological data supported that the Oxt neuron in the hypothalamic PVN projects to the POMC neuron in the ARC, in addition to the NTS POMC neuron in the NTS as previously reported.(2) Re-feeding following 48 hours fasting neither affected the mRNA levels for PVN Oxt and ARC POMC nor further increased the red fluorescence in the PVN of Oxt-mRFP-Tg rats.(3) PVN Nesf neurons that regulate oxytocin neurons were activated directly by high glucose and insulin, the meal-evoked factors.Peripheral administration of Oxt suppresses feeding and ameliorates obesity(1) Oxt increased cytosolic Ca^<2+> in Nodose Ganglion Neurons isolated from the vagal afferent of mice.(2) In high fat diet-induced obese mice, peripheral administration of Oxt ameliorated obesity, visceral fat accumulation, fatty liver and hyperglycemia, thereby showing ant-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome effects.Involvement of PVN Nesf-Oxt system in stress responses(1) Restrain stress activated Nesf neurons in the stress-related nuclei.(2) Central injection of Nesf activated noradrenalin, serotonin and CRH neurons and increased plasma levels of ACTH and glucocorticoid, which are key mediators of stress responses