The effect of an underwater environment on cardiac autonomic nervous activity and to reduce progress towards diabetic nephropathy for diabetes patients.

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The purpose of this study is to make clear that the effect of an underwater environment on cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) during in sitting arm cranking exercise for type 2 diabetes patients. Double product shortly after 20 minute’s exercise in water showed significant lower than that of on land. UAE after exercise in water demonstrated a tendency to lower level than that of on land. Arm cranking exercise in water for 3 months effected on cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity increased and UAE after exercise decreased. It is suggested that arm cranking exercise on sitting in water could be safety and beneficial exercise for type 2 diabetes patients.