Study of novel low-dimensional surface structure showing metal-insulator transition

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In this study, in order to elucidate the atomic structure of one-dimensional atomic wires on a crystal surface and its displacements due to the metal-insulator transition, the Pt/Ge(001) surface has been investigated by using reflection high-energy positron diffraction (RHEPD). By using the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we confirmed that defect-free and long-range ordered atomic wires are formed on the Pt/Ge(001) surface. By means of the rocking curve analyses based on the dynamical diffraction theory, we found that the experimental curve at room temperature can be well explained by considering the Ge dimer model expected by the theoretical calculations. We also found that below 90 K the Pt/Ge(111) surface undergoes the phase transition from the symmetric to asymmetric dimer structure.