Structure and function of sensor proteins that regulate biological functions by gas molecules

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A chemotaxis signal transducer protein Aer2 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found to be a novel heme-based oxygen sensor protein. The crystal structure of Aer2 was determined, which reveals that a hydrogen bonding interaction between heme-bound oxygen and Trp283 in the distal heme pocket plays an important role for oxygen sensing and signal transduction of Aer2.A novel heme sensor protein HrtR was also found in this work. The molecular mechanisms of heme sensing by HrtR and of the heme-responsive functional regulation of HrtR were elucidated by determining its crystal structure.