Wide-band and Large Dynamic Range Multiplexer for Readout of Superconducting Photon Detector Array

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From millimeter wave to gamma ray, transition edge sensors (TES) exhibit extremely lower noise than conventional radiation detectors. To increase the detection efficiency and apply an imaging capability with keeping compact and low-power consumed TES systems, cryogenic multiplexers (MUX) are required to be investigated for their readout. Though the frequency-domain MUX in the microwave region has higher potential than other conventional schemes, its study has been recently started and not enough for practical applications. We have demonstrated the low-noise operation of the microwave MUX as well as realizing accurate device parameters for distinguishing pixels, where both are key technologies for successful applications. Furthermore, we have succeeded in the breakdown of system noise sources and predicted quantitatively that the noise of microwave MUX can be as low as that of the state-of-the-art conventional MUX only by introducing established technologies.