Regulation of the endocrine system by the sweet taste receptor

我们研究了甜味受体在胰腺β细胞、脂肪细胞和肠内分泌细胞中的功能和生理作用。 在胰腺β细胞中，甜味受体亚基T1 R3形成同源二聚体，并作为甜味感受受体发挥作用。 该受体被葡萄糖激活，葡萄糖是胰岛素分泌的最重要调节剂。 葡萄糖激活受体并促进其自身在β细胞中的代谢。 因此，甜味感受受体在胰岛素分泌的调节中起着至关重要的作用。 在脂肪细胞中，甜味感受受体，T1 R3的同源二聚体，负调控前脂肪细胞向成熟脂肪细胞的分化。 在肠内分泌L细胞中，甜味感受受体（T1 R3的同源二聚体）被葡萄糖和其他甜味物质激活，并促进胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）的分泌。

We investigated the function and physiological role of the sweet taste receptor in pancreatic beta-cells, adipocytes and enteroendocrine cells. In pancreatic beta-cells, the sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3 forms a homodimer and function as a sweet taste-sensing receptor. This receptor is activated by glucose, the most important regulator of insulin secretion. Glucose activates the receptor and promotes its own metabolism in beta-cells. Hence, the sweet taste-sensing receptor plays a vital role in the regulation of insulin secretion. In adipocytes, the sweet taste-sensing receptor, a homodimer of T1R3, negatively regulates differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. In enteroendocrine L-cells, the sweet taste-sensing receptor, a homodimer of T1R3, is activated by glucose and other sweet substances and promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).