Regenerative Medicine for the Type 2 Diabetes

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1)We isolated pancreatic ductal cells obtained from neonatal rats and cultured in vitro. We added two differentiation factors, activin A and betacellulin, and converted them to insulin-producing cells. Using differentiated cells, we prepared pseudoislets. The insulin content and insulin secretion were much improved after the formation of pseudoislets and, in particular, insulin secretory response to glucose was markedly improved. We then transplanted these pseudoislets into the portal vein of the streptozotocin-treated diabetic nude mice. The plasma glucose concentration was improved by transplantation of the pseudoislets.2)For regenerative therapy, stem cells should be expanded easily. We are interested in hepatic stem-like cells, which can be expanded very easily in vitro. These cells express α-fetoprotein and CK19 and convert to both hepatocytes and duct epithelial cells. We converted these cells to cells expressing insulin and PGP9.5.