Patterns and Individuality in the Development of Grammatical Categories in Germanic Languages

日耳曼语言语法类别发展的模式和个性

• 批准号: 23520487
• 负责人: SHIMAZAKI Satoru
• 金额: $ 2.08万
• 依托单位: Tohoku University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2011 至 2013
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-23520487/
• 关键词: 独語学; ゲルマン語; 文法化; ドイツ語; 言語学

It is based on the difference in the verbal aspect that development of the perfect form has a difference in Germanic languages. That is, since the English verbs tend to have a perfective aspect, 'be' + past participle also expresses a actional passive, in parallel with it 'have' + past participle can function as a indirect passive. As a result, 'have' + past participle did not develop easily as a perfect form. In the German in which the verbs tend to have a imperfective aspect, 'werden' + past participle developed as the usual passive, and 'sein' + past participle remained the statal passive. Therefore, 'haben' + past participle did not develop as the indirect passive, but as the perfect form.

正是基于动词方面的差异，日耳曼语言中完成体的发展才有差异。也就是说，由于英语动词倾向于有一个完成体，“be”+过去分词也表示被动语态，与之平行的是，“have”+过去分词可以用作间接被动语态。因此，“have”+过去分词并不容易发展成为一种完成式。在德语中，动词往往有一个未完成体，“韦尔登”+过去分词发展为通常的被动语态，而“sein”+过去分词保持状态被动语态。因此，“haben”+过去分词不是作为间接被动语态发展的，而是作为完成体发展的。

项目成果

西・北・東ゲルマン語の諸相

西日耳曼语、北日耳曼语和东日耳曼语的各个方面

• 发表时间: 2011
• 期刊: 日本独文学会研究叢書081 ゲルマン祖語から現代ドイツ語へ-歴史的発展における駆流とその反動-
• 作者: Tajima;Keiichi;Mitsuko Yamura-Takei and Etsuko Yoshida;吉田悦子・竹井光子・渡辺文生;竹井光子;竹井光子;Etsuko Yoshida and Mitsuko Yamura-Takei;Kikuo Maekawa;K. Maekawa;Miho Fujiwara and Mitsuko Yamura-Takei;前川喜久雄;吉田悦子・竹井光子;嶋崎 啓
• 通讯作者: 嶋崎 啓