Comparative study of Japanese discourse markers Japanese native speakers and Chinese learners of Japanese use in monologue, dialogue and written text

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Chinese learners of Japanese have more difficulty with oral communication than written communication. They are weak in producing long discourses orally. I compared the monologues of Chinese learners of Japanese with those of Japanese native speakers from the viewpoint of connective markers and fillers.It was found that the frequency and variety of Chinese learners' connective markers tend to increase as their level of Japanese improves or they experience studying abroad, while the frequency of their fillers tends to decrease. It was shown that Chinese learners' native language has a weak influence on their use of connective markers and a strong influence on their use of fillers.