Constructing school counseling model and tools for whole-school approaches by international comparison

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Japanese school counselors are often limited in their roles. They are sometimes expected to do individual counseling, although schools need whole-school approaches. In this study, several constructs were developed in order to enhance whole-school approaches among Japanese school counselors. First, a multi-questionnaire for resilience and other positive qualities of students were developed. Second, effectiveness of various consultation strategies were investigated using the Classroom Climate Inventory (CCI; Ito & Matsui, 2001), and 227 classes were surveyed in order to revise the CCI. Third, trial sessions on classroom-based psychological preventive education were given to make a manual for school counselors. Fourth, visits to the USA, the Philippines, and Korea were conducted to compare school counselors' activities; surveys were conducted on Japanese school counselors' activities. Fifth, an English textbook on bully problems was translated into Japanese and is in press.