Optimum state of land planning in consideration of the relationships of the rural and urban area

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This research identifies a quantitative measure of social necessity of the forests in hilly and mountainous areas that a population decline, low birthrate and aging in Japan. Also, we discuss the autonomous self-sustainable development of such areas.Our major achievements are as follows: (1) Development of the NOF indicator which is the value of the ecological service the artificial forests and farmlands divided by their maintenance cost. That shows the order of the maintenance priority of the forest. (2) Development of the NOD indicator of the settlement which integrates evaluation indicators with environment, society, and economy. Moreover, the proposal of the methodology to choose retreatment and concentration areas. (3) Application to the Kushida River basin area at Mie Prefecture for selecting stopping or promoting districts to inhabit.