Nonvolatile optical memory with spin vertical-cavity surface emittinglasers

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Our nonvolatile optical memory utilizes a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) grown on GaAs(110) substrate which has a long electron spin relaxation time. The readout is done by circularly polarized lasing with electrical spin injection. As the first step, we tried to demonstrate lasing under spin unpolarized current injection using a paramagnetic contact. However, it was found that the improvement of the VCSEL structure is necessary. An oxidized current confinement structure for reduction of threshold current, and a structure for current injection at a layer under the upper DBR with a lower crystal quality were investigated, and their fabrication processes have been established.